BIOLOGY

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Homework: A **cofactor** is a non-protein chemical compound that is bound (either tightly or loosely) to a protein and is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules/ions" that assist in biochemical transformations. Cofactors can be divided into two broad groups: organic cofactors, such as flavin or heme, and inorganic cofactors: such as the metal ions Mg2+, Cu+, Mn2+ or iron-sulfur clusters. 
 * cofactors:**

The activities of enzymes are determined by their three-dimensional structure. However, although structure does determine function, predicting a novel enzyme's activity just from its structure is a very difficult problem that has not yet been solved. **Examples:** One enzyme is **amylase**, a digestive enzyme found in organelles called lysosomes. Another enzyme is **catalase**, an oxidative enzyme found in organelles called peroxisomes. 
 * Enzymes:**
 * Enzymes** are biomolecules that catalyze chemical reactions. Nearly all known enzymes are proteins. However, certain RNA molecules can be effective biocatalysts too.

A **ribozyme** (from **ribo**nucleic acid en**zyme**, also called RNA enzyme or catalytic RNA) is an RNA molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction. Some ribozymes may play an important role as therapeutic agents, as enzymes which tailor defined RNA sequences, as biosensors, and for applications in functional genomics and gene discovery.
 * Ribozyme:**



A **vitamin** is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism. A compound is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. Vitamins are classified by their biological and chemical activity, not their structure. Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions, including function as hormones (e.g. vitamin D), antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E), and mediators of cell signaling and regulators of cell and tissue growth and differentiation (e.g. vitamin A)
 * Vitamins:**



Webquest: Biomolecules

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Optional assigment: What is the importance of transporting materials in living organisms?

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What is the connection between Aristotle, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur?

the principal connection is that all study and do experiments to find an answer about the origin of life. the ancient greeks believed that living things could spontaneously come into from non-living matter, but aristotle didn't agree but he still believed that creatures could arise from dissimilar organisms or from soil. francesco redi proved that higher forms of life did not originate spontaneously. spallanzani researched the theory about the spontaneous generation of cellular life finally pasteur and redi stablish a law called the law of biogenesis saying that spontaneus generation wa not how life arise.